‘Gastrointestinal disorder’ is a term used to refer to any disease or condition that affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The GI tract extends from the mouth to the anus and consists of the oesophagus (food pipe), stomach, small intestine and large intestine. Our digestive system is the GI tract combined with the liver, pancreas and gallbladder. Some of the most common gastrointestinal disorders include:

Constipation

This term refers to the infrequency or difficulty in passing stools. The major symptom of constipation is small, hard and dry stools which are difficult to pass. Other symptoms are distension or bloating of the stomach and haemorrhoids. Constipation is often caused by dehydration, a low-fibre diet, inactivity or reaction to certain medication.

Diarrhoea

This condition is characterised by loose, watery stools which are sometimes accompanied by cramping or abdominal pain. A common cause of diarrhoea is viral and bacterial infections. Intolerance to certain foods or medicine can also cause diarrhoea. If untreated, diarrhoea can lead to dehydration, weakness, fatigue and other health complications.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Also known as acid reflux or heartburn, this condition occurs when the oesophageal sphincter located at the entrance to the stomach becomes weak, leading to the backflow of semi-digested food or stomach acid into the oesophagus. This leads to regurgitation, irritation, nausea and chest pain. GERD is generally treated with antacids or Proton Pump Inhibitors.

Haemorrhoids

When the area around the opening of the anus becomes engorged and inflamed, either internally or externally, it is known as haemorrhoids. External haemorrhoids are red, tender, painful or itchy while internal haemorrhoids cause a feeling of increased pressure inside the rectum. Haemorrhoids are uncomfortable and should not be ignored.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

IBS is characterised by abdominal discomfort that arises from altered bowel habits. This condition has various symptoms, including diarrhoea, constipation, nausea, vomiting, and heartburn. It is tricky to diagnose IBS because different people exhibit different symptoms. Treatment depends on the person’s diet habits and predominant symptoms.

For details on other gastrointestinal disorders, speak to your physician today.